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As Hofstadter put it (in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid):what a neuron itself does is calculate whether to pass a signal forward or not. How it does this is, in a very oversimplified way, add up the inputs from the neurons that input into it and, if the sum of those inputs are over a certain threshold, pass the signal on.
In any case, it is simple addition which rules the lowest level of the mind. To paraphrase Descartes' famous remark, "I think, therefore I sum" (from the Latin Cogito, ergo am).