The Notter study is a wild'n'crazy adventure of masked externalities. For example, it makes much of how coal produces electricity in the United States. Guess what. It also makes hay over whether or not lithium is recyclable, without pointing out that lithium oxide is completely non-toxic and that destruction of lithium batteries can't really be accomplished in a way that's bad for the environment. It can, by the way. Even Mother Earth News acknowledged that your 20-year-old Chevy pickup was better for the environment than your brand new Prius for the simple fact that the Chevy doesn't need to be built. But again, it's not an apples-apples discussion. To argue that an electric vehicle is somehow worse for the environment than a gas vehicle requires willful ignorance of thermodynamics and chemistry for the simple fact that the efficiencies of the electric grid and an electric vehicle trump the shit out of dinosaur juice just about any way you care to examine the issue.