Time for your weekly scheduled Aeon article.

This one's about ant colonies. Here's a nice snippet:

The system that ant colonies use to organise their work is a distributed process. Like division of labour, distributed processes can take different forms. A distributed process is not the opposite of division of labour – but it’s different in important ways. Primarily, in a distributed process, there is never central control, while in division of labour there might be. A leader can tell one citizen to make candles and another to make shoes. In a distributed process this would happen through local interactions, for example with people who want to buy candles or shoes – creating demand that is filled by an entrepreneur who then meets the demand.

At least in the short term, a system organised by a distributed process and one organised by division of labour could look the same: the same individuals could do the same task over and over. An ant might do the same task day after day. It might go out to forage, come back to the nest, engage again in the interactions that stimulate it to forage, and spend the night among other ants that recently returned from foraging. The next morning, it is again in a situation in which it is likely to forage, and this could continue day after day. However, in different conditions, the ant might do another task, and so its role is not fixed.

Distributed processes and division of labour can both be effective, but they don’t function in the same way. For division of labour, specialisation can lead to better work. By contrast, in a distributed process, the fact that individuals are interchangeable makes the whole system more robust and more resilient. If the individual who performs a task gets lost or becomes unfit to do it, another can step in. The individuals don’t have to be all alike, but the differences among them are not large enough to affect the viability of the system.

I've been fascinated with consciousness and the concept of "I" for a while now (and coincidentally started reading Gödel, Escher & Bach last week), and this ties in pretty nicely to that. Could ant or bee colonies be thought of as being sentient in some way? There's actually a ton of really interesting research into bees regarding this; basically each bee can be seen as a neuron, and bee colonies can solve problems and "think ahead" even though each individual bee isn't very clever. I'd assume this would apply to ants as well.