Manichaeism post-dates christianity but predates islam. Unlike christianity or judaism, manichaeism busts the universe up into five "sub gods" - Reason, Mind, Intelligence, Thought and Understanding. These get reflected down to Ether, Wind, Light, Water and Fire in the 1st kingdom. 2nd kingdom? that's where it gets complicated. No parallels are perfect - if they were, R'hllor would be the persecutor and the Seven Gods would be the upstart. But the fact of the matter is, Manichaeism went crazy throughout south asia and the Buddhists, Christians, Muslims and Zoroastrians were all threatened by it... and drove it to extinction.
Interesting. In most of the world (outside Westeros), the Seven are the upstart - and even within Westeros, they are "the new gods". The Seven seem to me to be an amalgam of the Catholic Trinity with the old Roman and Greek pantheons.