Chevron topped the list of the eight investor-owned corporations, followed closely by Exxon, BP and Shell. Together these four global businesses are behind more than 10% of the world’s carbon emissions since 1965.

By this estimate, Saudi Aramco has produced 59.26 billion tons of CO2 over the past 58 years, or slightly over a billion tons a year.

4.4 billion tons were produced in all of the EU in 2015.