The collective term for these rates is the London Interbank Offered Rate, known as Libor, but the use of this nomenclature sometimes hides the fact that there is a separate Libor daily for each of 10 currencies at 15 maturities, from overnight to 12 months, according to the British Bankers Association. The notional size of the derivatives involved is on the order of $360 trillion.

Barclays could not have manipulated those rates by themselves – and that is not what the C.F.T.C. found or the basis of the Barclays settlement. Rather, some Barclays employees colluded with people at other banks in a way that, over a period of years, moved Libor rates up and down, depending on what would favor the trading positions of the people and organizations involved.

Each Libor “panel” of banks involves seven to 18 banks. Participating banks submit the rate at which they can supposedly borrow at a particular maturity and in a specified currency, and an average is calculated (taking out high and low values). No one bank is likely to be able to move the calculated Libor rates by itself.

It's conceivable to me that a future social liberation will involve the replacement of these politically entrenched 'financial services' with smaller, more dynamic systems that better reflect and serve economic needs.