In Canada, hate speech is anything "intended or likely to circulate extreme feelings of opprobrium and enmity against a racial or religious group". The landmark case being Her Majesty The Queen V. James Keegstra, who interestingly, was also a public school teacher:In 1984, he was charged under section 281.2(2) of the Criminal Code [now 319(2)] ("Every one who, by communicating statements, other than in private conversation, wilfully promotes hatred against any identifiable group")[1] for "promoting hatred against an identifiable group by communicating anti-semitic statements to his students". During class, he would describe Jews as a people of profound evil who had "created the Holocaust to gain sympathy." He also tested his students in exams on his theories and opinion of Jews.